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        <h2 id="u7B80_u4ECB"><a href="#u7B80_u4ECB" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><p>　　Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口（类似 iPhone 的 app）。几乎没有性能开销,可以很容易地在机器和数据中心中运行。最重要的是,他们不依赖于任何语言、框架包括系统。</p>
<h2 id="u5B89_u88C5_u914D_u7F6E"><a href="#u5B89_u88C5_u914D_u7F6E" class="headerlink" title="安装配置"></a>安装配置</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#centos中安装docker:</span></span><br><span class="line">yum -y install docker</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#说明：centos7中yum可能提示错误：another app is currently holding the yum lock;waiting for it to exit</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#此时可能是系统自动升级正在运行，yum在锁定状态中。可以通过强制关掉yum进程：#rm -f /var/run/yum.pid</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#确保docker版本在1.3.2以上</span></span><br><span class="line">docker -v</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#配置国内镜像源：</span></span><br><span class="line">sed -i <span class="string">'s|OPTIONS=|OPTIONS=--registry-mirror=http://348ff8dc.m.daocloud.io |g'</span> /etc/sysconfig/docker service docker restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="u5E38_u7528_u64CD_u4F5C"><a href="#u5E38_u7528_u64CD_u4F5C" class="headerlink" title="常用操作"></a>常用操作</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#下载镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker pull ubuntu</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#查看镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker images</span><br><span class="line">REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE</span><br><span class="line">docker.io/ubuntu    latest              <span class="number">07</span>f8e8c5e660        <span class="number">3</span> weeks ago         <span class="number">188.3</span> MB</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#运行镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#镜像运行后成为容器，执行后停留在容器中，可以在容器中执行各种linux命令</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#输入exit退出容器，不带参数 -i -t，运行完成之后直接退出容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run ubuntu /bin/<span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">'world'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#停止容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker stop insane_babbage <span class="comment">#docker会在容器启动的时候自动给容器命名</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#重启容器</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#启动已停止的容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker start nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#重启正在运行的容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker restart nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#删除容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker rm insane_babbage  <span class="comment">#必须先停止容器在删除，防止意外删除正在运行容器</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#删除镜像</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker rmi ubuntu  <span class="comment">#需要先删除容器</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#查看容器内进程</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker top nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line">PID                 USER                COMMAND</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">854</span>                 root                python app.py</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#守护进程</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#以守护进程的模式运行镜像，并让其一直输出"hello word"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#-d标识告诉docker以后台模式运行容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> ubuntu:<span class="number">14.04</span> /bin/sh -c <span class="string">"while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>e5535038e285177d5214659a068137486f96ee5c2e85a4ac52dc83f2ebe4147</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#输出的长字符串叫做容器ID，它是容器的唯一标识，我们可以根据容器ID查看"hello word"进程发生了什么。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#注意：容器ID是有点长并且非常的笨拙，稍后我们会看到一个断点的ID,某些方面来说它是容器ID的简化版。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#查询docker进程的所有容器</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker ps <span class="comment">#只显示运行中的容器，如果想显示已经停止的容器请-a标示</span></span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID  IMAGE         COMMAND               CREATED        STATUS       PORTS NAMES</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>e5535038e28  ubuntu:<span class="number">14.04</span>  /bin/sh -c <span class="string">'while tr  2 minutes ago  Up 1 minute        insane_babbage</span><br><span class="line">#返回信息包括：短的容器ID(1e5535038e28)和自动分配的名称(insane_babbage)</span><br><span class="line"># docker ps -l</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#查看容器正在做什么</span><br><span class="line">$ docker logs insane_babbage #也可使用docker logs 1e5535038e28</span><br><span class="line">hello world</span><br><span class="line">hello world</span><br><span class="line">hello world</span><br><span class="line">......</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#查看命令参数</span><br><span class="line">#run命令参数</span><br><span class="line">$ docker run --help</span><br><span class="line">-i, --interactive=false    Keep STDIN open even if not attached  允许我们对容器内的STDIN进行交互</span><br><span class="line">-t, --tty=false            Allocate a pseudo-TTY   在容器内指定一个伪终端或终端</span><br><span class="line">#ps命令参数</span><br><span class="line">$ docker ps --help</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="u8FD0_u884Cweb_u5E94_u7528"><a href="#u8FD0_u884Cweb_u5E94_u7528" class="headerlink" title="运行web应用"></a>运行web应用</h2><p>　　镜像training/webapp被创建后就已经包含了简单的python应用程序环境，首先我们将运行一个python的web应用。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -P training/webapp python app.py</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#如果没有安装training/webapp镜像，会自动从网上下载镜像</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#-P通知Docker所需的网络端口映射从主机映射到我们的容器内</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ docker ps <span class="operator">-l</span></span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                   COMMAND       CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                    NAMES</span><br><span class="line">bc533791f3f5  training/webapp:latest  python app.py <span class="number">5</span> seconds ago  Up <span class="number">2</span> seconds  <span class="number">0.0</span>.<span class="number">0.0</span>:<span class="number">49155</span>-&gt;<span class="number">5000</span>/tcp  nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#输出多了一列PORTS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#通过使用-P标示，实现主机端口 =&gt; docker端口，此时docker开放了5000端口（默认Phtyon端口）映射到主机端口49155上</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#打开浏览器访问：192.168.241.131:49155</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#指定端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#Docker可以配置绑定网络端口。-P是-p 5000的快捷方式，5000为docker端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#-p 5000可以使端口5000映射到外部的端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#也可以指定-p标示来指定端口（可以不在默认外部端口范围内）</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker run <span class="operator">-d</span> -p <span class="number">5001</span>:<span class="number">5000</span> training/webapp python app.py</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#5001:5000 =&gt; 外部端口:内部端口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#打开浏览器访问：192.168.241.131:5001</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#网络端口快捷方式</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker port nostalgic_morse <span class="number">5000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0.0</span>.<span class="number">0.0</span>:<span class="number">49155</span>  <span class="comment">#容器端口5000映射到主机的49155端口</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#程序日志</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker logs nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#标示-f将在docker log命令中使用tail -f来查看容器标准输出。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#刷新浏览器，注意5000端口应用程序的日志变化。</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker logs <span class="operator">-f</span> nostalgic_morse</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="u5BB9_u5668_u5E95_u5C42_u4FE1_u606F"><a href="#u5BB9_u5668_u5E95_u5C42_u4FE1_u606F" class="headerlink" title="容器底层信息"></a>容器底层信息</h2><p>　　使用docker inspect来查看Docker的底层信息，它会返回一个JSON文件记录docker容器的配置和状态信息。<br><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ docker inspect nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line">[&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"ID"</span>: <span class="string">"bc533791f3f500b280a9626688bc79e342e3ea0d528efe3a86a51ecb28ea20"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"Created"</span>: <span class="string">"2014-05-26T05:52:40.808952951Z"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"Path"</span>: <span class="string">"python"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"Args"</span>: [</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">"app.py"</span></span><br><span class="line">    ],</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">"Config"</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">"Hostname"</span>: <span class="string">"bc533791f3f5"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">"Domainname"</span>: <span class="string">""</span>,</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">"User"</span>: <span class="string">""</span>,</span><br><span class="line">. . .</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#只返回容器的IP地址：</span></span><br><span class="line">$ docker inspect <span class="operator">-f</span> <span class="string">'&#123;&#123; .NetworkSettings.IPAddress &#125;&#125;'</span> nostalgic_morse</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">172.17</span>.<span class="number">0.5</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>　　完整的信息如下图所示：<img src="/images/docker-container-info.png" alt="docker-container-info.png"></p>
<h2 id="u53C2_u8003_u94FE_u63A5"><a href="#u53C2_u8003_u94FE_u63A5" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><p><a href="http://www.widuu.com/chinese_docker/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.widuu.com/chinese_docker/index.html</a><br><a href="https://github.com/widuu/chinese_docker" target="_blank" rel="external">https://github.com/widuu/chinese_docker</a><br><a href="http://dockerone.com/article/160" target="_blank" rel="external">http://dockerone.com/article/160</a><br><a href="http://cloud.51cto.com/art/201501/463536.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">http://cloud.51cto.com/art/201501/463536.htm</a></p>

      
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